Political and ideological discourse Essay Example for Free

Political and ideological discourse EssayAmerica is founded upon some deeply disturbing prejudices, which are jeopardyously implanted in our youth at a teenaged age. The impact is a sick culture, capable of terrible acts of impulse that are exalt by fear and contempt. This is at the core of The Crucible. In many ways, The Crucible, which recounts the awful details of the capital of Oregon Witch Trials, still resonates today. The term Witch Hunt is oft invoked in modern social, governmental and ideological discourse to characterize any malicious or unfounded crusade against an innocent party or parties. The fib of the 1954 Arthur Miller play helps to keep fresh the understanding of that which we are capable of at our worst, our most misguided and our most ignorant. In addition, it cautions against the type of repression which marked the capital of Oregon society, elucidating that such unnaturally draconian standards will inevitably cause revolt. Perhaps among the most shock ing elements of the play is that which is revealed to the plays reader in the knowledgeability regarding the extraordinary young age of the girls.Acknowledging them as being barely out of their puberty, this introduction helps to pave the way for the cruel appearance perpetrated by such young aggressors, producing a useful discussion on the cultural impact bore upon our young by a culture that behaves with such virulent fanaticism. This also helps us in our consideration of the realities surrounding the witch trials, with Millers telling pairing with some historical notes of interest. These do help us to appreciate the danger tread by Americans in this context and in those modern parallels thereto.To this extent, the shocking detail noted in the introduction relates to the fact that in the years by and by the witch trials, when the state of Massachu determinets had come to fully acknowledge and provide reparations for what had occurred, it did so with precious little remorse. Tho ugh it provided a small financial philia to the compensation of the Proctorswith John Proctor already deceased by executionperversely, damages were paid not only to the victims but also to such large number as William Good, who was his wifes accuser, and Abigail Hobbs, a confessed witch who became a hostile witness. (viii) In addition to this grotesque distortion of a reconciliation, the statement provided by the governor accompanying this statement of apology would argue nvirtuosotheless that the accusers could be forgiven for their atrocities delinquent to the fact that the time and place in question was infested with a horrible Witchcraft. (vii) This would take care a most unyielding apology. These observations lead to a number of questions concerning the play as a whole.Particularly, the fact of this unrepentence causes us to wonder whether Millers political enemies recognized the parallels suggested between McCarthyism and the Witch Trials. A second question wonders wheth er this play capability have been made had not the era of McCarthyism begun to impact artists, authors and entertainers, even in spite of the fact that it was based on events more than 200 years passed. A final question as we enter further discussion on this subject questions whether or notwithout a loaded intentionMillers analogy between the Witch Trials and the anti-communist loyalty trials of the 1950s.The story is presented with some salient elements which do not blunt but tend instead to make more relatable the impact of certain characters. The most prominent of marks from history is the set of salient liberties taken with regard to ain relationships, such as the affair between Proctor and Abigail, which would be a device intended to move forward themes of personal vindictiveness. Additional distinctions are the characterizations which in many contexts, Miller acknowledges, were intended as composite sketches of groups of individuals identified by historical record.His cha racters were fictionalized for the purpose of economy. An additional detail of impressiveness is that many of the character ages were altered in order to create dramatic tensions and possibilities central to the narrative action but distinct from historical accuracy. Ultimately, none of these distinction detract from the imposition of Millers message, which is that the danger present in this age would emerge once again in the era of McCarthyism, and perhaps we might argue, again today in the age of terrorism.Namely, we can see that fear of an unseen villain has bred a blind and irrational wave of paranoia and its attendant behaviors, establishing a society deeply vulnerable to exploitation and mob mentality. 2. Ultimately, it is impossible for this reason of mob mentality to place the blame for the horrific series of events upon any one individual. Though some appear as more insidious than others, and where others still will tend to even demonstrate remorse in eventuality, all indi viduals in the society may be said to play a hand in the disgrace for which Millers play accounts.Indeed, as much as the aggressive pursuit shown by some, it would be the spineless docility of others which would allow so many to lose there lives. Indeed, we may be immediately struck by how fast speculation is turned around in the sequence described by Act I. Here, the manipulative young girls escape culpability for deviant behavior by exploiting the primitive instincts of the townsfolk. Millers work seems largely fixated upon the easy and willing susceptibility of the Salem townsfolk to such a ploy.The story employ fast sequence of narrative action in order to demonstrate the stunning quickness with which the Church moves to respond to allegations, eschewing sensible law enforcement or due process to instead begin a series of completely unfounded arrests. Indeed, the arrival of Hale, the specialist on witchcraft, brings with it a gloomy sense of foreboding that seems to train thi s man with the onus of blame for that which is to occur.With the sentence of death being the outcome to such proceedings as those brought forth, the reader is moved by the remarkably errant posing of Church authority. The courtroom drama which is used in the Third Act of the play is compelling if a little overstated. Here, the genuine hysteria has set in and the outrageous turnabout between first Mary and John toward Abigail and ultimately, Mary and Abigail toward John demonstrates the greatest problem of the play.It is clear that everybody is on trial, which we may denote is likewise how Miller views it. To his perspective, the town is indeed on trial for its behavior. The carnage and extremity of the outcome is perhaps less surprising therefore than something such as the reversal of Hale in the finally act. Initially, the reader views him as a sinister figure but it is clear by this juncture that the forces governing Salem had leapt far beyond his intent or control. The finality of the play here is unforgiving, as the accused are hanged with no redemption.The theme of intolerance as a crime of which the whole town is guilty is presented largely in the descriptions by Miller, who portrayed the Puritans as living in what was a barbaric frontier be by a sect of fanatics who, neertheless, were shipping out products of slowly increasing quantity and value. (4) Miller would describe them as a people who forbade anything resembling a flying field or vain enjoyment. We might therefore argue that the theme of intolerance is best exemplified by the impact which it has on the cruel and hateful children, made so by the puritan society.A contrary indication, given by the kindly Rebecca, notes that a childs spirit is like a child, you can never catch it by running after you must stand still, and, for love, it will soon itself come back. (24) Here, we are given an intuition otherwise absent from Salem, and much to the destruction of its people as it drives the negle cted children to become ripe with meanness. Indeed, all are guilty, right down to the children who laughed while others died. Works Cited Miller, A. (1964) The Crucible A short-change in Four Acts. Penguin Books.

Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 Essay Example for Free

Combat iceamphetamine pestilent present of 2005 EssayMethamphetamine commonly referred as frappe or crystal has been a real and growing problem in the United States. Many of us dont realize that screwball is the most addictive drug worldwide. The master(prenominal) ingredients of meth, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, argon found in unheated practice of medicine. Relatively cheap and easy to get methamphetamine destructively go your brain. It releases dopamine (the brains headspring pleasure chemical) which boost up your energy, and as describe by many addicts in the movie it gives you a euphoric rushand its a good enough feeling (Woman in trailer). Meth can be obtained from ho practisehold products, this dangerous process is called shake and cook since it consists of mixing ingredient that were never meant to be mix. The use of such drug affect your physical appearance and ruin your life whether on a personal or social level. The reason is after several(prenominal) hi t the consummation of meth is the only activity that bring you joy out life. The effect are so devastative that an addict suggest that it should be get across off the surface of earth. The methamphetamine epidemic started in Portland operating room and its spreading to the West Coast of America.Surprisingly the people being affected by the drug are often college students, truck drivers and bikers. Researches grow shown that it became an extended issue in the 1990s. The meth epidemic represents a social issue because it is the leading cause in property crimes, children in foster caution, knowledgeable abuse, domestic violence and indistinguishability theft. Effects of meth epidemic on social institutions The destructive effects of meth epidemic on family are undeniable. The harm caused by methamphetamine is so deep that an addict stated In all reality, I infer they need to take a bomb and blow it all up.It is painful to see the life and joy being eat out of a community. The st ory of Debbie Vick illustrates child endangerment. In fact children are sent to foster care in large number because of addicted parents unable to take care of their kids. High and under the effect of the stimulant, it is not uncommon for family members to be sexually abused by meth addicts. Unfortunately meth doesnt only affect the users mental but it also significantly deteriorate their physical appearance.Deputy Bret King reported that a fairly appealing young woman, Theresa Baxter, looked 20 age older than she actually was and her teeth went missing. While methamphetamine only brings desolation among civilian what is being done to stop the spreading of this epidemic. The government has in both(prenominal) way aggravated the meth situation by its procedure. Although we can see that the police is genuinely active at tracking down meth labs and meth addict more actions can and need to be taking toward resolving this issue. Quaalude showed us that if the proper measures are taken meth can be definitively eradicated.Initiatively a bill required for distributors of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine to verify the identities of their customers in order to control the consumers of those ingredients. The government ultimately becomes opposition in the pharmaceutical industry because the bill was economically at their disadvantage. How can a sick soul find remedy if it cannot recognize that it ask treatment It is the same for politics. As far as they are concerned meth is not an epidemic. Methamphetamine represented such low priority for them that no funds were going toward monitoring the key ingredients of meth shoppers. traffic with heroin, cocaine or gangs was considerably more important although legislators in Oregon resurrected the idea that buyers of products with pseudoephedrine register at the store counter. Congress is completely aware that to drive out this problem they have to get to the roots which are companies providing key ingredients of meth. In orde r to address the issue Congress is considering the Combat Meth Act that volition put pseudoephedrine under lock in store nationwide. up to now passing the Combat Meth Act promise to be more difficult than they thought.The ratty medicine factories is estimated to be approximately a 3 billion money throw awayr in the United States. Why would the pharmaceutical companies put their profit at risk by allowing the key ingredient of meth to be strictly regulated? In a market system where the receive of the game is to make money they will do anything necessary to stop any bill that will in some way affect negatively their industries. The fact that they do sure the bill was amended to exempt cold medicine clearly illustrates how they remain indifferent to the devastative effects of meth in the lives of so many Americans. applied science was at the base of detecting methamphetamine as a social issue. The advances in technology allowed us to explain the effects of meth in the gay brain as it releases a huge amount dopamine. Researchers have shown that by putting the stimulant over and over in your brain it results in an unfitness to experience pleasure in your own, this is one of the main reasons addicts get stern to using. What is the role of the media in this situation? Is he keeping us in the Cimmerian and not informing about what is happening? The Oregonians are well informed about meth sweeping across America and their own community.The media in Oregon Portland is doing a good job at exposing the issue to them. The impact of meth on the people of Oregon made the top actualities on Oregon unsanded reported the narrator. Unfortunately I cannot say the same for the rest of the country. People being interviewed for example In D. C would often say Methamphetamine? I dont know what it is (Rep. Brian Baird). While the epidemic was spreading politicians closed their eyes on the issue and population of affected states remained ignorant of the danger. The film depic ts dickens faces of medicine regarding meth epidemic.On one side are the pharmaceutical companies that refuses to collaborate with the DEA toward finding a solution to the problem. We have seen that although the Meth Epidemic Act was put in place to control the purchase of the key ingredient in meth, pharmacist would compromised themselves and sell the ingredient in quantity. As the movie mentioned it the rule of the game is to make money and sell products. However we cannot overlook the good side of medicine. In Oregon innovative treatment programs helps the addicts trough the phase of detoxification. veritable centers often allow addicts to keep their child because they believe that the presence of a family member would motivate patients to get clean. Consider that most of the patients being treated for ruin due to hazardous experiences in meth lab had no insurances it represented a deficit for the hospitals. Reflection I really enjoyed watching the Meth Epidemic film. In some w ay I feel like I am more informed and conscious about what is really going on in the world around me. In complete honesty I was not aware that such drug even existed.The movie clearly outlined methamphetamine as far the most addictive drug in the United States and it is frightening to realize its destructive effects in the lives of countless families. Meth has become a personal concern when I learned that those being affected are mainly college students, truck drivers and athletes. As a student I cannot close my eyes on the fact that meth has been the cause of so many bright youth wasted in this decade. Meth is considered as a social and economic problem. This stimulant has accumulated over one and half millions addicts over the past years.The desolating part of it is that meth is so easy and cheap to get. In reality it has been show that most people will get the ingredient from their household products and cook it by the process commonly referred as shake and bake. Under the effect of such destructive drug, meth addicts turn violent and become unstable. The film discussed in depth the many issues that come along with this addiction. As far as family is concerned, meth is the leading cause for children in foster care and sexual abuse. However it doesnt stop there property crimes and identity theft also represent other way for them to feed their addictions.I think the harm caused by the addicted parents can never be erased of the minds of those traumatized children. It is very likely for those meth orphans to lose themselves in the process. In my opinion the foster care system cant really assure them the chance to a good future or a safe and loving home. In addition to that insecurity could be one of the consequence of property crimes or sexual abuse. This movie truly opened my eyes and the most shocking part was the insensitivity of the Pharmaceutical Companies. It is disturbing that money drives our actions and takes away any bit of globe we could have left in ourselvesPharmaceutical companies and politics play a very important role in this problem. Indeed the key ingredient for meth (ephedrine or pseudoephedrine) is found in cold medicine. While these companies are opposing to the strict regulation of these ingredients communities and families are suffering from the loved ones addicted to this drug. My personal experiences have thought me that people often resort to drugs when they are going through depression, stress or loneliness. Family assert would help them look the other way and find reasonable solutions to their problem.Desperate diseases require desperate remedies. Thereupon the government should ensure that only customers with a prescription (signed by a certified physician) have access to medicine with ephedrine or pseudoephedrine. Meth can ruined someones life in a blink of an eye, a little inconvenience for people with cold is a small step to prevent meth epidemic. Meth also enters the country by the intermediary of drugs cartels in Mexico, The supervision at the border needs to be reinforced in order to stop their traditional smuggling. I believe that politic plays a crucial role in stopping the epidemic.However the politicians, as leaders, have to admit that meth is a major problem. Congress needs to cooperate with the DEA instead of making so difficult for them to their jobs. They should put back the regulation requiring a license to pseudoephedrine pills. They should fund the DEA in effort of tracking down meth dealers. It is clear that cold medicines bring a lot of meshwork for pharmaceutical companies. One of the argument presented by their spokesman is the availability of the ingredient for the American customer or the inconvenience for those with cold.I would suggest for them to research an alternative for ephedrine or pseudoephedrine. This way pharmaceuticals industries would still make money selling cold medicines, the DEA would have a peace of mind when it comes to dealing with meth and finally the American frequent would still have their cold reliever. People rely on the media for information about specific details of the happenings around them. The Oregonian newspaper set a good example of should be done. The media needs to insert the reality of meth in our daily lives so we can be aware of its danger.Meth epidemic need to make the headlines of our news nationwide for us to understand the urge to take action and stop the spread of the epidemic. Portland Oregon is not the only are area being affected by the meth epidemic. The statistics demonstrate that it is spreading to the east coast. More rehabilitation center is needed across the country to support the meth addicts. The pharmaceutical industries should collaborate with the DEA for the well-being of our society especially for the protection of our youth.

Social Influences In Todays Society Young People Essay

Social Influences In Todays Society Young People EssayThe five social influences that be creation chosen are the media (news), new technology such as (television, computers, picture games, and cell phones), punishments and/or the drop of, poverty, and divorces. every last(predicate) of these affect the way children are beness influenced, raised, and how they deal with their daily lives and futures to some extent. Some of these affect much(prenominal)(prenominal) than other(a)s and they can affect on different levels, some on a positive origin and others on a negative.Over the last generation a lot of things have changed in the way parenting and ho implementh honest-to-goodnesss work, how technology has sky rocketed, and they way media is being portrayed. All of these changes have dramatically changed the way our society deals with numerous things, how children are being brought up, and how our children are being influenced.Our technology has increased to the extreme, no w we have television, cell phones, and video games of all sorts. Children spend more magazine doing these things than playing with other kids or going outside to play. Their lives are based on what they play, have, and do. Our news is more in depth we look at reality and try to make a story out of it no matter what it is. The way families and schools handle punishments has changed too. We are more lax on kids now we use different forms of punishments that do not always work. More parents choose to divorce or do not however get married in the first place. The binds that once were, are really not there anymore, which can have affects on a child being raised. The last one is poverty this is an important factor too. Believe it or not poverty is at an all time high affecting more children than adults in the United States. (Knapp, 1995)Analysis of Social InfluenceNew TechnologyTechnology can be very beneficial in a society. We use it in America every day. It has helped business grow, add different types of communication, stay in touch with others. It helps cut down on some environmental factors such as paper waste. But even with all of these benefits it can have very negative effects on children and adults. These negative effects are the lack of personal attachment, personal communication, kids and adults get sucked into it too deep, they are used as escape goats. It is being used more and more to raise kids than an actual parent.establish on studies, computers prevent children from interacting with each other and with adults. While these children need stronger interpersonal ties with supportive adults, the use of the computer technology only serves to keep children and adults apart. (Slavin, 1998) On the other side of the study it indicates that children who engaged in adult-mediated computer activity improved the level of their cognitive performance on measures of abstract thinking, planning ability, vocabulary, and visual-motor coordination, as easy as on measu res of response style including reflectivity.In Vygotskys theory of development, he states that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the bear on of cognitive development. When you compare using technology to not using technology, then the usage of technology would make it to where cognitive development would not be development properly because of the lack of social interaction. It would alter the development because the type of interaction is virtual rather than face to face.PunishmentsThe lack of discipline in a childs look during the archeozoic years often promotes insecurity, dependence, and uncontrolled behavior. The way children are punished today is through a non physical punishment. Timeouts are a very too large trend. Putting a child in a place to sit for a minute every year their age is. So an example of this would be an eight year old who gets sent to time out and sits for eight minutes this approach takes the hands off the children. Another trend is re accu sation this is where you redirect a child from the negative behavior to a different task. You are basically redirecting what they are doing at that present time.Using time out can be effective it underscores the relationship among behavior and consequences. Discipline is about guiding children into acceptable and desirable behavior. Time outs give them an opportunity to make the connection between the behavior and the negative consequence (Reese, 1997). Time out also can be problematic. One of the problems with time out and redirection is the lack of fear. Most children feel time out is fun they tend to misbehave even more than the start. Another problem is it takes more from a parent to do time out than physical punishment. Corporal punishment has been a long debate many advocate it and many are against it.With timeout and redirection you would be using Vygotskys theory of development, since you are socially interacting with the child. This can help them focus and grow in a posit ive way. Since each interaction is considered a study experience, when timeout is being used they are learning that if they do a behavior that is not wanted then they will sit for so much time (Zhang, 2010).MediaThe media is a very important purview in our lives today. We broadcast anything and everything that can make a story. A lot of the media is altered for ratings. There is more displayed than ever before. Reality television is very massive in the world today. This can have a very negative impact on children today. They see other kids doing wrong save then getting a show out of it. These types of media can be overwhelming for a child. Their brains are not fully developed and they do not understand what on the button is going on. These types of negative behaviors can rub off on the child.A research study that was done showed the more exposure six month old infants have to media, particularly media directed toward older children and adults, the less developed their cognitiv e and language skills may be at fourteen months, according to research publish in the December issue of the Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine (2010). In Vygotskys theory, children imitate their surroundings and peers.PovertyUnfortunately this happens everywhere and it is occurrent more and more in the United States than ever before. Children are going without food. A long-term study of cognitive development in lower- and middle-class students appoint strong links between childhood poverty, physiological stress and adult memory. Compared to well-off kids, poor children tend to go to ill-equipped and ill-taught schools, have fewer educational resources at home, eat low-nutrition food, and have less glide slope to health care (Knapp, 2005).Cultural/Regional DifferencesSocial exposure to various cultures expands a childs pool of knowledge. The more experiences that a child has, the richer their world becomes. Developmental advancements, dependent upon the people and the cu ltural tools tind to the child, will help him to form his perceptions of the world.Not all places around the world are up to date on all of the new technology. Some of these places really have no need for all of it either. Arranged unions is very common in the Middle East, India and Africa, while in some Asian and most Western cultures, the romantic marriage is idealized and one has a right to choose their marriage partner and thus an arranged marriages is perceived as an infringement on this right and viewed unfavorably.Generational DifferencesIn older generations there was some technology but nothing compared to what we have now. Children would play outside from sunrise to sunset, they were rarely ever in the house. They would go to school and come home just to play with friends. Families were more family orientated, dinners would be served and all would gather to eat. School was a very important aspect in the children lives and so was music. Children would develop more of a per sonal affixation with their family and friends. Marriage was an important factor as well it was against moral values to have a child out of wedlock. Children grew up in a dickens parent home front. The biggest difference is the direction we are heading. A great example of this is older generations were preparing their children to work on farms and now we are preparing our children to work on computers.ConclusionIn society today, we are using social interaction through various forms. It is no longer just a parent and a child. Many of the technological advances take the place of this which in turn can result a hindrance on cognitive behavior. Even at an early age televisions, games, media, and other exposures are coming into the picture. In Vygotskys theory, imitative learning is the first, where the child simply copies another person. Second is instructed learning, where a child recalls direction given by a teacher and then puts it into play, and the third is collaborative learning . Collaborative learning happens when a peer group cooperates to learn or carry through a specific goal while working to understand one another (Eckhoff, 2008).If you believe in Vygotskys theories you would want to advise parents to expose their children to a mixture of social situations, since each interaction is considered a learning experience. It is especially important to introduce children to people and ideas that operate above their current knowledge level, giving them access to new ideas and concepts. Guiding children to look for answers by imitating what they see in others, listening to instruction and working as part of a group all provide opportunities for them to expand their current base of knowledge (Zhang, 2010).

Theories on Employee Relations

Theories on Employee RelationsUnitarist, Pluralist and Marxist aspect have been described for understanding and analyzing employee relations. Each of them provides a different interpretation towards workplace action, the piece of unions and job regulation (Edwards, 2003). In other words, those three perspectives hold different views against conflict in the employee relations. The following paragraphs will introduce three perspectives one by one. After that, it will summarize the differences among them.Unitarist perspectiveSeeing from the Unitarist perspective, the organization is regarded as an integrated and harmonious group of people with one loyalty culture. Specified explanations argon as follows. Such an organization attaches much importance to mutual cooperation. Moreover, all employees within the organization sh be a mutual purpose. In addition, this perspective exchangeable to paternalism has a high requirement for the loyalty of all employees. The management of such an o rganization is outstanding due to its emphasis and application. For this reason, it has been concluded that share unions are non necessary for the mutual exclusiveness of the loyalty amid organizations and employees. However, the conflict on employee relations is considered pathological and disruptive outcome caused by interpersonal friction, communication breakdown, as rise up as agitators (Kaufman, 2004).Pluralist perspectiveFrom the perspective of Pluralist, organization is made up of various sectional groups. Each group has its legal loyalties, goals and leaders. Particularly, management and trade unions are two remarkable sectional groups in the Pluralist perspective. As a result, the main job responsibility of management is not enforcement and control but persuasion and coordination. However, trade unions are acted as natural lawful delegates of employees. The conflict is inevitable here and the conflict in the Pluralistic perspective is solved by incorporated bargaining. Generally speaking, conflict is always associated with bad things. However, conflict if being managed well tin excessively take place evolution and positive change from the perspective of Pluralism (Kaufman, 2004).Marxist perspectiveMarxist perspective is also called radical perspective. This perspective is to reveal the nature of the capitalist society. It thinks that workplace relations are against the history. It recognizes inequalities in power in the concern consanguinity and in wider society as a whole. Consequently, conflict is perceived as an inevitable result. Whats more, a natural response regarding workers against the capitalism using is seen as trade unions. The managements position would be im instald by institutions of joint regulation from the view of Marxism if having the periods of acquiescence, because they suppose rather than challenge the suit of capitalism (Hyman, 1975).Differences among three perspectivesAccording to the descriptions toward three perspe ctives, it is obviously that they have different understandings against conflict. The Unitarist view perceives conflict as a word with derogatory sense and it puts forrader three reasons of generating conflict such as agitators, interpersonal friction and communication breakdown. It employs a paternalistic approach, so it is short of the conflict between capital and force which is the focus of Marxist perspective. Moreover, it does not refer to the solution. On the contrary, the Pluralist view indicates that incarnate bargaining is the way of tackling conflict. Another difference lies in that sometimes conflict mass be positive. It implies the importance of conflict management. It can be seen that the Pluralist view pays much attention to conflict resolution and how to how to manage conflict. Moreover, it considers that the power between parties with different interests is equal, which is further opposite to the Marxist perspective. Actually, the Marxist view is very radical. F rom its point of view, the inevitability of conflict comes from the inequalities of powers caused by capitalism exploitation. That is to say, different from Unitarist perspective, the Marxist perspective gives different reasons of pitch about conflict.Appropriate perspective for analyzing employee relations in the UKIn this part, it will firstly describe the development process of employee relations in the UK. Afterwards, it will prove that three perspectives can be applied to analyze the British employee relations but the Pluralist perspective is the virtually appropriate view for analyzing British employee relations.According to the translation of incarnate bargaining by International Labor Organization, one party of collective bargaining is one employer, some employers or one or some(prenominal) employer organizations while the other party is one or several worker organization (Herman, 1998). It is obviously that the collective bargaining is not feasible without the union of workers. In Medieval England, the relationship between employers and employees was equal but not class relations. As usual, most of competent employees would live in a separate kinfolk or married the daughter of employers. The sprout of the capitalist way of production provided possibility for the emergence of industrial relations. The distinction of manufacturing rights and power of management, the division of employers and employees, as well as the existence of a great many permanent labors provided soil for the generation of the trade union. At the early stage of capitalism, in that respect was not law or schema to guarantee the basic life of employees. In order to make a living, workers must negotiate with employers. Although a lot of inequalities existed between them, workers did not have enough countervailing power through individual negotiation or signing contract with each worker. In order to improve life and work conditions, labors gradually united and struggled with e mployers. At the end of 1600s, trade union emerged as the times require. Because the industrial workers did not form strong hierarchy, the primary labor movement was only limited to the range of manual workers. One of important role of the early trade union on behalf of workers was to negotiate with employers for salary, enjoyment conditions and so on. At the end of 1700s, the collective agreement between battle labor organizations and employers came to the UK, which is the earliest collective agreement in the world (Fraser, 1999).The UK as the source origin of industrial Revolution is also a country developing trade union movement earliest in the world (Williams and Smith, 2006). Therefore, the British labor relations system is with distinctive characteristics. In the development history of British Labor Laws, collective bargaining is regarded as an effective way to resolve labor disputes. Before the randomness World War, the collective bargaining in the UK was mainly a national negotiation. The national collective agreement covered most of workers. Until 1970s, some local collective bargaining emerged. More and more employers started to withdraw from national collective bargaining. Corporate-level collective bargaining gradually occupied dominant position replacing national collective bargaining (Gospel, 1998). Moreover, the government also supported decentralized collective bargaining and the regulatory institutions such as wages council were abolished. In addition, the British law amply protected the interests of members of trade union and stated a variety of immunities against trade unions so that they would not be charged owing to strikes or other industrial actions. However, collective bargaining has begun to suffer multifarious criticisms since 1980s. Someone criticized that the collective bargaining was too disruptive, because the breakdown of collective bargaining brought about too frequently industrial actions so as to weaken domestic economic c ompetitiveness. As a result, the coverage of collective bargaining gets smaller and smaller. According to the statistics, the coverage has already decrease from 70% in 1984 to 41% in1998 (Addison and Siebert, 2002). In any way, collective bargaining was the basis of the British employee relations for much of the 20th century.Based on the first appearance of employee relations in the UK, it can be seen that the British collectivism has already went through the development process from sprout to be legal. In Medieval England, the relationship between employers and employees can be explained with the paternalistic approach. Employers and employees were loyal with the ideal of a happy family and did not need the trade union to solve conflicts, which is the emphasis of the Unitarist perspective. Consequently, the inequalities existed between employers and employees at the beginning stage of capitalism. Employees were exploited by employers, but they had not enough strong power to solve them. For this reason, the inequalities in power in employment relationship can be analyzed by the Marxist view. After that period of time, the trade union came into being and was firstly responsible for negotiating with employers regarding the issues of wage and employment condition. Afterwards, the collective agreement emerged in the UK with the improvement of trade union. Moreover, the diversification of employees created conditions for the expansion of trade unions and members. As a result, the form of collective bargaining was more joint and was regarded as an effective solution to conflict in labor disputes, which is identical with the view of the Pluralist perspective. Employers gradually found the disadvantages of collective bargaining and less took part in the collective bargaining. As a matter of fact, the decline of collective bargaining can also attribute to the shortcomings of the Pluralist perspective which focused too much on the solution to conflict and the accommo dation to change and power differences. In other words, it neglects the government influences and power differences at all employee relations levels. As a whole, the deficiencies of collective bargaining lead to its declination in the British employee relations, but its role can not be substituted for any other kind of conflict resolution. It can be concluded that the Pluralist perspective has greatly influenced the employee relations in the UK and will continue to develop its effects, which is natural to be the most appropriate perspective for analyzing the British employee relations compared with other two perspectives.ConclusionTo sum up, different people have different minds. The Unitarism, Pluralism and Marxism have already expressed their views against the conflict on employee relations. However, there are some differences in their views. Three perspectives are from different angles and have different emphases. After discussing the differences among three perspectives, it has elaborated my own opinion that the Pluralist perspective is the most appropriate for the analysis of employee relations in the UK based on the development process of the British employee relations. It can be concluded from the analyses that collective bargaining with unexpendable role is playing a less and less important role in the British employee relations with the various changes in employment and the labor force. In addition, conflict management is extremely significant for the sustainable development of organizations. People should not only focus on the conflict resolution but also pay attention to the influences of other factors. As a result, it is very crucial and indispensable for every organization to establish positive employee relation so as to attract and retain high-quality staff, to improve employee productivity, to increase employee loyalty, to enhance working morale, to elevate business performance, as well as to reduce absence rate (Lewis and Saunders, 2003).(1973 words)

Denmarks culture: Womens rights, education and family

Denmarks finale Womens in good orders, edu castion and familyCulture is one of those rargon inheritances that a abetter _or_ abettor receives from his/her ancestors. It determines beliefs, perception, and morality .Those values shape a mans identity making him dependant and loyal to those principals. Every culture has its own history and traditions, which makes the innovation a place with variety types of race. The cultures atomic number 18 represented by its followers allowing them to be strict and bias towards its constitution and moral behaviors without the followers a culture could disappear joining the anthology of the dead cultures. Denmark has a culture with recognized principles and values that specializes them over traditions. They soak up their own point of views and appearances of dealing with traditional lookings of spiritedness such as usance, information, sum, family life, as well as womens rights.Denmark, being a small country in northern Europe it is ric h with usance and traditions. Food, Festivals, Music, and Religion are all important(p) aspects in the customs of Denmark. The danish people believe that meals are important for the families to be to cash in ones chipsher and not just for make full their need. (Pateman 113). The main food which the Danes normally eat is bread for their breakfast and they rent many an(prenominal) different types of bread in which they eat some are crust comparable and some are cold toasted. (Pateman 114). Although in the summer the Danes usually go to the park to get sunshine as sometimes during the winter they never get sunshine, their meal usually are meatballs which are do of pork, this is the most common meal in Denmark. (Pateman 115). On the other hand, thither are only ii main drinks in Denmark which are coffee and beer these are the main two which the Danes drink throughout the year. They also have a traditional beer for them only which is made by mainly potato which is called Snaps which is served usually served cold. (Pateman 116-117). The Danes prevent many daytimes during a year of which some are Religious and others which are important events. The Danes like other Christian countries celeb point Christmas and Easter. The celebration of Christmas setoffs from the beginning of December up to New Year, although the main part starts at December 23 which the Danes decorate their spot which hearts and other religious items. The Danish families celebrate Christmas Eve together and they also have a special dinner which is made of rice pudding. Although the brilliance of Easter is no longer thither in Denmark, holiday is given to them which the Danes go and visit families and friends in exchange of Easter eggs to children.(Pateman 108-110).Other important events which the Danes celebrate during the year are the Queens birthday, Liberation Day, Copenhagen Carnival, alongside Fastelvn. These are the main days in which the Danes celebrate throughout the year. Dur ing the queens birthday, it is a national holiday for the Danes from work and school which they gather outside the queens palace and hear its speech and ends with cheers from the crowd. Although in Liberation Days night the people put merchant shipdles on their windows to celebrate the day in which they were liberated from Germany on world war two, which the Danes still celebrate it today because this day means a lot to the old Danes who lived during world war two. Copenhagen Carnival is a carnival day which celebrates throughout Copenhagen people wear new customs and party on the street for the whole day. Lastly, Fastelvn is a special event which is held at the end of February were children play a game using sticks to hit a barrel which is filled up with gifts. Although it seems to be a fun event it has a history, because for a long time they used to place a cat and hit it until it dies.(Robert 106-107). The Danes enjoy nearly all types of symphony, provided mainly pop music. Th ey also have festivals each year, but the main festival they have is depictd Rolkside Festival, it is the hugest music festival in northern Europe. In this festival musicians from all around the world come to play on the stage. (What would Roskilde Festival be without partners? 1).Education in Denmark is compulsory for people aged seven up to people aged 16. When the teenagers reach their age to 16 they can choose to continue school or stop. There are also two types of school which are common in Denmark which are political sympathies and private schools. Government schools are promiscuous schools which they have from stray one up to grade nine. The Danes who choose to go to them are to stay with the same teacher for nine full years. The classes in government schools do not change and the students are together for the full nine years. Due to the government having up to ninth grade the people have to then go to a secondary school, being that people in ninth grade are usually 15 ye ars old and that the compulsory age to go to school is from seven to 16. People who pass ninth grade are usually smart students who go to secondary school to continue school. Although some who are not ready are the students which do not get good grades stay for an extra year when they are 16 and then they are free to do what they want either go to secondary school for three years or stop. (Pateman 60-61). Similarly, most private schools have up to ninth grade only. The education in the private school is a little better than the governments free school, although approximately 16% only of the students in Denmark go to private schools. However, government still helps private school and is not out of the equation, they subsidize them by giving them some money to help them improve their program line facilities and have better teachers. Yet, they are not responsible for anything that happens to the student, the students parents are held responsible for everything according to the teachin g standards or anything similar to that. (Hansen 1). Finally, the universities in Denmark are good universities which people come to study in from around the world. Although, in Denmark, there are only five main universities those universities can teach many subjects in both English and mainly in Danish. For example the university of Copenhagen which is the first university to be built in Denmark and the second in Scandinavia which is still there stand for more than a half of a millennium, it teaches not only the main subjects such as Math, English, and Danish, it teaches subjects such as music, business, and even neighborly studies.( Pateman 61). In Denmark, there is also adult education, which is that adults that are working can have evening lessons. This type of education is popular in Denmark as by now it can be considered as part of their culture. This type of education helps the Danes in many ways, they can possibly learn a new language which most people usually learn German or French. There are also Danes who study subjects which they might be interested in such as social science which might help them in their future in case they would want to switch jobs.Marriage in Denmark is not as popular, the average Danish man usually marries at the age of 33 and the woman usually marries at the age of 30, being that the legal age for marriage is 18.( The Ceremony 1) The resolve behind this is that in Denmark it is being advised by the parents of the bride and the groom to live together for some time, to see if the relationship is going to work in a good way. However, also after the catch get to have a long relationship before marriage, the disjoin rate in Denmark is high. Studies show that the divorce rate is half the marriage rate, which is really high. In Denmark there are two different types of marriage, one of them is the traditional marriage which the church marriage. This type of marriage is similar to the marriage that happens to other Christian count ries the bride wears a long white dress and the groom wear a suit, and the bride is escorted by her father. The only difference is that a good deal if there is a close female friend can escort the bride, and at the end as the couple leave, the guests usually raise the Denmark flag.( Pateman 64-65) The other way which the couple can marry each other is the civil wedding which is a wedding taking place at any place that the place in charge of the marriage allows to, it can be held in a town or even a forest. Meanwhile, Danish women who get married are allowed to change their last name, which most of them do not change their name as they are expected to divorce, and if they do want to change their last name they would have to do it before the marriage officially takes place due to a document form should be proposed first.( The Ceremony 1).Family life is an important aspect to the culture of Denmark, the Danes are unlike the other neighbouring countries when it comes to families. In neighboring countries like Germany and Belgium their social life is based around pubs and usually being outside the home. In Denmark their social life is mainly at home, the Danes take care of their home and a major amount of the income they would get usually is used to improve the facilities at their home. (Pateman 66). The Danish life is usually based around work and family for adults and school and family for the children who are being balanced equally by the people in there. The Danes usually travel or during holidays or go to a summer house. Summer house is popular in Denmark, which many Danes go to which their family friends. (Steed 1). Also due to Denmark government focus in improving family life, families get to have many benefits. The government takes control of giving the child if a family has one an valuation reserve, the government gives extra allowance to the number of children the family has, and also the families also get to have free birth. (The Ceremony 1). Houses are not cheap in Denmark, but having a family helps because if a couple just married and are not able to afford a house, they are given an apartment by the government to use until they can mete out to buy a home for themselves. (Pateman 66).The Danes usually consider their country the best country in the world not only due to the free education, but mainly due to the importance of family life which has been shown when Denmark and the Danes won the ranking of having the most amused people in the world. (Lundberg 1).Women rights are not affected as much in Denmark, and it can be said that they have nearly the same rights as the men. Studies show that women in Denmark work the same as men and have the right to vote and elect themselves. Denmark is one of the few countries which now have women at the parliament with a high rate at over 30%. Saying this, the women do not have all the rights as men, they still have to do the home work alongside men having the better jobs in society and a higher wage, but they still have as many rights as the men. The reason behind women having a lot of rights goes back to 1915 when there was a movement which made them have a huge part in the politics.(Pateman 62-63). After 1915, the women started getting rights they first had the right to vote and then right for opportunities same as the men. The women then started getting more rights after the Second World War when the economy was going down which lead to the need for women to work. This was the start of women being allowed to work and started the increasing rate of them working in Denmark, which at that time was mainly in labor market. (Larsen 1). Going back to working women, the Danish women have a high working rate just over 70% of them do work, which is slightly lower than the one of men which is approximately 75%, which shows that Denmark is a fair country and the women in Denmarks rights are not affected and are close to have the same rights as the men in Denmark.(Housing-De nmark 1).Denmark has certainly earned the right to have a culture as big as it has now. The customs and traditions, education, marriage, family life, along with women rights are one of the most important aspects of culture which makes Denmark have a big culture as it is now. They celebrate many days which means to them a lot such as Christmas. The education is free in government school which is definitely which makes it one of the most intelligent countries in the world. Marriage that they have even though the divorce rate is high, what they do in marriage make them unique, as well as the family life which is important for them. Lastly, womens rights in Denmark are not affected which is wherefore it is a fashionable society.Work Cited1) Pateman, Robert. Cultures of the World Denmark. Tarrytown, New York 10591 Library of Congress Cataloging, 1995.2) What would Roskilde Festival be without partners?. Roskilde Festivals collaboration partners, 3) Hansen, Thomas. Grants. Education, The Ministry of Education. 4-6) The Ceremony. Family, AngloINFO. 2014. 5) Steed, Richard. Work/Life eternal sleep the Danish way. Meet the Danes, 7) Lundberg, Jan. Denmark Small, Happy Prosperous Families In Contrast to U.S. Culture Change, July 27, 2012 8) Larsen, Jytte. The womens movement in Denmark. All About Gender in Denmark, KVINFO. 9) Housing-Denmark. Denmark in Detail,

Censorship: Helpful Or Hindering? Essay example -- essays research pap

What exactly is censorship? Some feel censorship is a violation of their rights. Others say censorship is a must in the violent, abusive world we c tout ensemble society. Who has the right to censor? Who doesnt? What needs to be censored, and what doesnt? The fact of the matter is that there are many pros and cons in the music and entertainment industry about censorship. Personally, I believe that the consumers and viewers should be charged with the ultimate responsibility of censorship. One major area in which there is much argument on censorship is that of television. Since its invention earlier this century, television has become the most popular format for entertainment. We can be entertained, informed, and shake by programs on television. But nowadays, television stations are becoming less restrictive about the content in their programs. More violence, profanity, and nudity than invariably before now graces our television screens every night. Clearly, there are things that ch ildren should not be seeing on television. Therefor, the new v-chip legislation in process requires all television manufacturers to install an electronic device that allows parents to set the tolerance levels for violence, profanity and nudity. However, are childrens viewing habits the responsibility of the government or the parents?A right point can be made that there is far too much violence on television today, and that an invention such as a v-chip would help immensely. But what about such violent dra...

Heineken out of Burma :: essays research papers

Heineken out of BurmaThe action groups A Seed Europe and the Dutch action group XminY started a campaign in February 1996, called "Heineken out of Burma". The enthronisation plans of the Dutch brewer Heineken Inc. in Burma (Myanmar), were said to provide material support and legitimacy to the violent dictatory rulers of the country. Heineken sees Burma as an emerging market, that must be entered without delay. Western beer markets be becoming saturated and the potentials for growth in Asia are enormous. Competitors, such as Carlsberg and San Miguel, are likewise turning their authorizements towards Asia. The political opposition in Burma, lead by Nobel Price laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, calls on foreign companies not to invest in Burma for the time being, however. International embargoes can support the internal opposition against the authorities, she says.Heineken has a 42% share in the Asian Pacific Brewery Ltd (APBL). This, in turn, owns 60% of the shares of the Myanmar Brewery Ltd (MBL). The remaining 40% of the shares belong to UMEHL the Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd. UMEHL is lead by the military rules of the country. APBL wants to invest 15 million US dollars in a brewery in Burma. That can only be done in the form of a joint-venture with UMEHL. The military rulers haul this construction onto APBL. Forty percent of the profits that the brewery will yield in the future will thus flow towards the dictators.Heineken did not deny that the Burmese regime is guilty of gross violations of human rights. On the contrary, Heineken shared the analyses of the action groups and said to be very concerned about the human rights situation in Burma. in that location is one difference, however the action groups concluded that Heineken should cancel its investments in Burma, but Heineken did not intend to do so. "We sincerely believe that we can reconcile our policy in Burma with our corporate values and norms", so Heinekens press officer bef ore the Dutch media.The action groups say "By investing in Burma at this moment, and by embarking on a joint venture with UMEHL, Heineken makes itself an accomplice in the tragedy of the Burmese people". This complicity consists in particular of two points.